University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 Physiological changes and reproductive performance in presence or absence of thiamine in the diet of Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus Physiological changes and reproductive performance in presence or absence of thiamine in the diet of Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus 1 14 116 FA Sareh Ghiasi Bahram Falahatkar Journal Article 2013 12 16 To evaluate the effects of thiamine (vitamin B1) on physiological changes and reproductive performance of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus), 30 females (averaged 698 ± 15 g) were selected in maturity stage IV and were randomly distributed in six fiberglass tanks (1063.3 liters) with two treatments and three replicates. The first treatment was fed with a dry diet containing 10 mg/kg thiamine hydrochloride, while second one was fed with 1 g/kg amprolium hydrochloride as an anti-thiamine compound for five months. After this period, fish were induced for spawning by LHRH-A2. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters showed no significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). In the first treatment (fed with thiamine), the levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood indices and differential white blood cells (P>0.05). Germinal vesicle migration was measured in three stages (day 0, 75 and 150) which had a significant decrease in thiamine-fed treatment (P<0.05) at the middle and end of the experiment. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and estradiol values showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between the treatments, while a significant increase in testosterone were observed in thiamine-fed treatment (P<0.05). The number of eggs per gram and the latency time increased significantly in anti-thiamine and thiamine–fed treatments, respectively (P<0.05), but fecundity and thiamine content in the eggs showed no significant differences between the treatments (P>0.05). According to the results, the presence of thiamine in the diet led to improvement in some physiological and reproductive indices in Sterlet sturgeon and it seems to be an essential vitamin in reproduction season for Sterlet broodstocks. To evaluate the effects of thiamine (vitamin B1) on physiological changes and reproductive performance of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus), 30 females (averaged 698 ± 15 g) were selected in maturity stage IV and were randomly distributed in six fiberglass tanks (1063.3 liters) with two treatments and three replicates. The first treatment was fed with a dry diet containing 10 mg/kg thiamine hydrochloride, while second one was fed with 1 g/kg amprolium hydrochloride as an anti-thiamine compound for five months. After this period, fish were induced for spawning by LHRH-A2. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters showed no significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). In the first treatment (fed with thiamine), the levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood indices and differential white blood cells (P>0.05). Germinal vesicle migration was measured in three stages (day 0, 75 and 150) which had a significant decrease in thiamine-fed treatment (P<0.05) at the middle and end of the experiment. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and estradiol values showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between the treatments, while a significant increase in testosterone were observed in thiamine-fed treatment (P<0.05). The number of eggs per gram and the latency time increased significantly in anti-thiamine and thiamine–fed treatments, respectively (P<0.05), but fecundity and thiamine content in the eggs showed no significant differences between the treatments (P>0.05). According to the results, the presence of thiamine in the diet led to improvement in some physiological and reproductive indices in Sterlet sturgeon and it seems to be an essential vitamin in reproduction season for Sterlet broodstocks.

https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_116_33825103a99e53318216d5ec9c74e8c4.pdf

University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 Changes in proteolitic activity of digestive system of Beluga sturgeon, Huso huso during larval ontogeny Changes in proteolitic activity of digestive system of Beluga sturgeon, Huso huso during larval ontogeny 15 23 117 FA Reza Asgari Soheil Eagderi Gholamreza Rafiee Hadi Poorbagher Naser Agh Journal Article 2015 01 01 The development of proteolysis digestive enzymes from the stomach and pancreas were studied in Beluga, Huso huso from hatching up to 50th day post hatching (dph). Larvae were obtained from ShahidMarjaniSturgeonRearingCenter, Gorgan province, Iran. Sampling was carried out immediately after hatching, 7, 14, 19, 24, 29, 35, 42 and 50 dph. The results showed that at the onset of exogenous feeding, gastric glands were already functional, which was indicated by an increase in proteolitic activity of stomach. In contrast, proteolitic activity of pancreas decreased after the onset of exogenous feeding, showing the importance of these types of enzymes in the cleavage of yolk proteins during the endogenous feeding phase. The present study indicated that larvae of Beluga at the onset of exogenous feeding had an advanced digestive system to accept exogenous food and to digest the formulated diets. The development of proteolysis digestive enzymes from the stomach and pancreas were studied in Beluga, Huso huso from hatching up to 50th day post hatching (dph). Larvae were obtained from ShahidMarjaniSturgeonRearingCenter, Gorgan province, Iran. Sampling was carried out immediately after hatching, 7, 14, 19, 24, 29, 35, 42 and 50 dph. The results showed that at the onset of exogenous feeding, gastric glands were already functional, which was indicated by an increase in proteolitic activity of stomach. In contrast, proteolitic activity of pancreas decreased after the onset of exogenous feeding, showing the importance of these types of enzymes in the cleavage of yolk proteins during the endogenous feeding phase. The present study indicated that larvae of Beluga at the onset of exogenous feeding had an advanced digestive system to accept exogenous food and to digest the formulated diets.

https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_117_38d73bbe7b9b8a08c6e59b0374ba78e1.pdf

University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 The effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on body performance of Sobaity Seabream, Sparidentex hasta The effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on body performance of Sobaity Seabream, Sparidentex hasta 25 36 118 FA Ommolbanin Taheri Kondor Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences and Technologies, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran Mir Masoud Sajjadi Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran Iman Sourinejad Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences and Technologies, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran Fereshteh Khademi Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences and Technologies, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran Journal Article 2015 03 12 To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on growth and carcass composition of Sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out on 240 pieces of Sobaity Seabream (Sparidentex hasta) averaged 3.01 ± 0.03 g in initial weight for 10 weeks. Experimental treatments consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (control, L-C500, L-C1000 and L-C1800) mg L-carnitine per kg of diet, each with three replicates in a completely randomized design. During the experimental period, feeding was performed by hand and the fish were fed to satiation three times a day. At the end of the experimental period, bodycomposition including crude protein, crude fat, moisture and ash contents were analyzed. Significant differences in growth parameters such as final weight, FCR, SGR, PER, GR and BWI% was observed among treatments (P<0.05) and the highest performance level of 1,000 mg g L-carnitine per kg diet were determined. The results showed that the level of crude protein in L-C1000 treatment increased compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Carcass crude fat decreased in L-C500 and L-C1000 treatments compared to the control group, and the lowest was observed in L-C1000 treatment (P<0.05). Percentage of carcass moisture in L-C1000 treatment, and also the percentage of carcass ash in all treatments increased compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the level of 1000 mg L-carnitine per kg of diet has positive effects on growth and chemical composition of Sobaity fry carcass. To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on growth and carcass composition of Sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out on 240 pieces of Sobaity Seabream (Sparidentex hasta) averaged 3.01 ± 0.03 g in initial weight for 10 weeks. Experimental treatments consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (control, L-C500, L-C1000 and L-C1800) mg L-carnitine per kg of diet, each with three replicates in a completely randomized design. During the experimental period, feeding was performed by hand and the fish were fed to satiation three times a day. At the end of the experimental period, bodycomposition including crude protein, crude fat, moisture and ash contents were analyzed. Significant differences in growth parameters such as final weight, FCR, SGR, PER, GR and BWI% was observed among treatments (P<0.05) and the highest performance level of 1,000 mg g L-carnitine per kg diet were determined. The results showed that the level of crude protein in L-C1000 treatment increased compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Carcass crude fat decreased in L-C500 and L-C1000 treatments compared to the control group, and the lowest was observed in L-C1000 treatment (P<0.05). Percentage of carcass moisture in L-C1000 treatment, and also the percentage of carcass ash in all treatments increased compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the level of 1000 mg L-carnitine per kg of diet has positive effects on growth and chemical composition of Sobaity fry carcass.

https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_118_3aa37f8ea024f36509f3f76ff6c22c63.pdf

University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 The effect of probiotic Bacilli on feed efficiency and carcass quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss fry The effect of probiotic Bacilli on feed efficiency and carcass quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss fry 37 49 119 FA Hakimeh Sargazi Hojatollah Jafarian Journal Article 2014 11 11 In this study, the effects of probiotics bacilli on the feed efficiency and carcass quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fries were studied using a commercial product Protexin Aquatech. A blend of five strains of probiotic bacilli (Basilus licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus and B. circulans) was used through the supplementation of diets for 60 days. Fish fry with an average weight of 463 ± 32 mg were used. The experimental diets were supplemented with mixture of the five bacilli at concentrations of 1×106 (D1) 1×107 (D2) and 1×108 (D3), (CFU per 100 g food), and a control (probiotics-free diet). The feeding rate was varied between 5 and 8% of body weight. The results indicated that D2 treatment had significantly better growth and feed conversion ratio than the control group and D1 treatment. Results showed that in the experimental treatments, probiotics had a significant positive effect on protein efficiency ratio, lipid efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid of fry carcass in D2 treatments, were significantly increased (P<0.05). The results showed that the probiotics bacilli increased feed efficiency and growth performance in rainbow trout fry. In this study, the effects of probiotics bacilli on the feed efficiency and carcass quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fries were studied using a commercial product Protexin Aquatech. A blend of five strains of probiotic bacilli (Basilus licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus and B. circulans) was used through the supplementation of diets for 60 days. Fish fry with an average weight of 463 ± 32 mg were used. The experimental diets were supplemented with mixture of the five bacilli at concentrations of 1×106 (D1) 1×107 (D2) and 1×108 (D3), (CFU per 100 g food), and a control (probiotics-free diet). The feeding rate was varied between 5 and 8% of body weight. The results indicated that D2 treatment had significantly better growth and feed conversion ratio than the control group and D1 treatment. Results showed that in the experimental treatments, probiotics had a significant positive effect on protein efficiency ratio, lipid efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid of fry carcass in D2 treatments, were significantly increased (P<0.05). The results showed that the probiotics bacilli increased feed efficiency and growth performance in rainbow trout fry.

https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_119_0f875376250a57fa4d145070c16805ac.pdf

University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 Extraction of lipase from the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of inhibitors and metals on its activity Extraction of lipase from the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of inhibitors and metals on its activity 49 57 146 FA Narges Anoosheh Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Seyed Vali Hosseini Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Rasool Madani Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran Abbas Zamani Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran Journal Article 2014 09 01 Aquatic animals are important resources for extraction of valuable compounds such as enzymes. In this study, lipase was extracted from the intestine of rainbow trout. Samples were defatted with acetone several times; ammonium sulphate (60%) was used for precipitation followed by ultrafiltration for concentrating the samples. The final purification of the enzyme was performed by passing of the samples through G-75 column chromatography. After extraction, effects of two inhibitors were investigated on the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme activity was assayed by p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. The results showed that Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had significant inhibitory effects on the lipase activity (P<0.05). MnCl2, CaCl2 and MgCl2 significantly increased the lipase activity (P<0.05), while KCl and NaCl decreased the activity (P<0.05). So when intestinal lipase of rainbow trout is used as an additive in related industries, these inhibitors can be used for inhibiting enzyme activity. Aquatic animals are important resources for extraction of valuable compounds such as enzymes. In this study, lipase was extracted from the intestine of rainbow trout. Samples were defatted with acetone several times; ammonium sulphate (60%) was used for precipitation followed by ultrafiltration for concentrating the samples. The final purification of the enzyme was performed by passing of the samples through G-75 column chromatography. After extraction, effects of two inhibitors were investigated on the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme activity was assayed by p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. The results showed that Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had significant inhibitory effects on the lipase activity (P<0.05). MnCl2, CaCl2 and MgCl2 significantly increased the lipase activity (P<0.05), while KCl and NaCl decreased the activity (P<0.05). So when intestinal lipase of rainbow trout is used as an additive in related industries, these inhibitors can be used for inhibiting enzyme activity.

https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_146_c747c3b7d12bd8542bcb9a6c4b148465.pdf

University of Guilan Aquatic Animals Nutrition 2980-8499 1 1 2015 03 21 Toxicity of colloidal nano-silver to zebrafish, Danio rerio: ions, nanoparticles, or both? Toxicity of colloidal nano-silver to zebrafish, Danio rerio: ions, nanoparticles, or both? 59 68 147 FA Seyed Ali Johari Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran Leyla Habibi Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran Seyedeh Jino Hosseini Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran Journal Article 2014 09 25 Increasing production and utilization of silver nanoparticles can lead to their release into aquatic ecosystems and tend to toxic effects on aquatics. It is not yet clearly specified whether observed toxic effect following exposure of aquatic organisms to colloidal nano-silver is caused by silver nanoparticles contained in the colloid, by free silver ions, or by a combination of both. In this study, acute toxicity of "nanosilver colloid" (containing free ionic silver and silver nanoparticles) compared to the toxicity of "silver nanoparticles" separated from colloidal nanosilver (without free Ag+ ions) were investigated in zebra fish, Danio rerio. Acute toxicity tests were planned and performed according to standards of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The results showed that No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs), Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs), Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentrations (MATCs), and Median Lethal Concentrations (LC50s) of "nano-silver colloid" were 250, 240, 248.90, and 300.64 times less than those of "silver nanoparticles", respectively. Therefore, toxicity of colloidal nanosilver is mostly due to the free silver ions (Ag+) rather than silver nanoparticles present in it. In general "nano-silver colloid" and "silver nanoparticles" are respectively classified as "highly toxic" and "toxic” chemicals for aquatics and the release of these substances into the environment should be prevented. Increasing production and utilization of silver nanoparticles can lead to their release into aquatic ecosystems and tend to toxic effects on aquatics. It is not yet clearly specified whether observed toxic effect following exposure of aquatic organisms to colloidal nano-silver is caused by silver nanoparticles contained in the colloid, by free silver ions, or by a combination of both. In this study, acute toxicity of "nanosilver colloid" (containing free ionic silver and silver nanoparticles) compared to the toxicity of "silver nanoparticles" separated from colloidal nanosilver (without free Ag+ ions) were investigated in zebra fish, Danio rerio. Acute toxicity tests were planned and performed according to standards of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The results showed that No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs), Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs), Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentrations (MATCs), and Median Lethal Concentrations (LC50s) of "nano-silver colloid" were 250, 240, 248.90, and 300.64 times less than those of "silver nanoparticles", respectively. Therefore, toxicity of colloidal nanosilver is mostly due to the free silver ions (Ag+) rather than silver nanoparticles present in it. In general "nano-silver colloid" and "silver nanoparticles" are respectively classified as "highly toxic" and "toxic” chemicals for aquatics and the release of these substances into the environment should be prevented. https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_147_b49a05479a99bf91a350c077ee7b061a.pdf