University of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Effects of different levels of dietary glucosamine on some growth performance, serum immune and biochemical indices of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)Effects of different levels of dietary glucosamine on some growth performance, serum immune and biochemical indices of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)112454610.22124/janb.2020.17348.1100FAMaryamNazariDepartment of Fisheries Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed PezhmanHosseini ShekarabiDepartment of Fisheries Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, IranMehdiShamsaie MehrganDepartment of Fisheries Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20191225This study was performed to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of glucosamine on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices of Siberian sturgeon. Fish (9.3 ± 0.4 g initial weight) in 12 fiberglass tanks with a density of 15 fish/tank were randomly distributed and fed with different levels of glucosamine including: 0 (control), 250, 750 and 1500 mg per kg of diet (C<sub>0</sub>, T<sub>250</sub>, T<sub>750</sub> and T<sub>1500</sub>, respectively) for 56 days. Based on the results, the highest final weight (63.1 ± 1.6 g), weight gain (54.14 ± 1.82 g), body weight increase (558.28 ± 23.23%), and specific growth rate (3.36 ± 0.08%/day) were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that there are no significant differences in survival rate and blood glucose levels among the experimental treatments (p>0.05). The results of the serum immune indices exhibited that the highest levels of IgM (38.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL), C3 (5.20 ± 0.17 mg/dL) and C4 (20.72 ± 1.0 mg/dL) were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> compared to other experimental treatments (p < 0.05). On the other hand, by increasing glucosamine concentration, the activity of hepatic enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was decreased and the lowest levels were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> (p < 0.05). In conclusion, glucosamine, especially at the level of 1500 mg/kg of diet, displayed positive effects on the growth and immune indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon.This study was performed to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of glucosamine on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices of Siberian sturgeon. Fish (9.3 ± 0.4 g initial weight) in 12 fiberglass tanks with a density of 15 fish/tank were randomly distributed and fed with different levels of glucosamine including: 0 (control), 250, 750 and 1500 mg per kg of diet (C<sub>0</sub>, T<sub>250</sub>, T<sub>750</sub> and T<sub>1500</sub>, respectively) for 56 days. Based on the results, the highest final weight (63.1 ± 1.6 g), weight gain (54.14 ± 1.82 g), body weight increase (558.28 ± 23.23%), and specific growth rate (3.36 ± 0.08%/day) were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that there are no significant differences in survival rate and blood glucose levels among the experimental treatments (p>0.05). The results of the serum immune indices exhibited that the highest levels of IgM (38.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL), C3 (5.20 ± 0.17 mg/dL) and C4 (20.72 ± 1.0 mg/dL) were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> compared to other experimental treatments (p < 0.05). On the other hand, by increasing glucosamine concentration, the activity of hepatic enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was decreased and the lowest levels were observed in T<sub>1500</sub> (p < 0.05). In conclusion, glucosamine, especially at the level of 1500 mg/kg of diet, displayed positive effects on the growth and immune indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon.https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4546_594c61130e99cacaf01869d3cc04b3c2.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Effects of orally-administered Echinacea purpurea on growth indices, hematology and innate immunity in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)Effects of orally-administered Echinacea purpurea on growth indices, hematology and innate immunity in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)1325454710.22124/janb.2020.17007.1094FAAliomranKhajehpourDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, IranRohollahJavadianDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, IranJournal Article20191201This study was carried out to determine the effects of Echinacea purpurea extract on growth indices, hematological indices and innate immunity of Siberian sturgeon (<em>Acipenser</em> <em>baerii</em>). So, 120 of Siberian sturgeon with an average weight of 53.12 ± 0.08 g were divided into four groups with three replicates. The fish were fed with experimental diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (T0%, T0.5%, T1% and T1.5%, respectively) E. purpurea extract for eight weeks. The results of this study showed that T1.5% had the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor (p < 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was also observed in T1.5% (p < 0.05). In hematological examinations, results also exhibited enhancement in all indices including white and red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and hematological indices in all treatments and the best results were observed in T1.5% (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in innate immunity indices between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest levels of lysozyme, complement and respiratory burst activities were found in T1.5%. According to the results, adding 1.5% E. purpurea to fish diet can improve growth rate, hematological indices and innate immunity of Siberian sturgeonThis study was carried out to determine the effects of Echinacea purpurea extract on growth indices, hematological indices and innate immunity of Siberian sturgeon (<em>Acipenser</em> <em>baerii</em>). So, 120 of Siberian sturgeon with an average weight of 53.12 ± 0.08 g were divided into four groups with three replicates. The fish were fed with experimental diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (T0%, T0.5%, T1% and T1.5%, respectively) E. purpurea extract for eight weeks. The results of this study showed that T1.5% had the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor (p < 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was also observed in T1.5% (p < 0.05). In hematological examinations, results also exhibited enhancement in all indices including white and red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and hematological indices in all treatments and the best results were observed in T1.5% (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in innate immunity indices between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest levels of lysozyme, complement and respiratory burst activities were found in T1.5%. According to the results, adding 1.5% E. purpurea to fish diet can improve growth rate, hematological indices and innate immunity of Siberian sturgeonhttps://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4547_a17f6c8e803209131f63315e5257cb54.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Effects of dietary olive oil and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) on digestive and hepatic enzymes, liver and intestinal histology in young Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus in brackish waterEffects of dietary olive oil and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) on digestive and hepatic enzymes, liver and intestinal histology in young Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus in brackish water2741454810.22124/janb.2020.17136.1095FAEsmaealHosseinniaFisheries Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,, IranHosseinKharaFisheries Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,, Iran0000-0002-4010-9428MasoudFarokhrozFisheries Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,, IranAyoubYousefi JourdehiInternational Sturgeon Research Institute of the Caspian Sea, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht,, IranRezvanollahKazemiInternational Sturgeon Research Institute of the Caspian Sea, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht,, IranJournal Article20191102This study was carried out to determine the effects of olive oil and dietary butyl hydroxytoluene on digestive and hepatic enzymes along with histology of liver and intestine in Persian sturgeon, <em>Acipenser persicus</em>. 315 pieces of young Persian sturgeon (108 ± 0.02 g in weight) were randomly stocked in 7 treatments with 3 replicates (15 fish in each replicate) after adaptation to the Caspian Sea water. The treatments were fed with 1% (T<sub>1</sub>), 3% (T<sub>2</sub>) and 5% (T<sub>3</sub>) olive oil and 100 (T<sub>4</sub>), 150 (T<sub>5</sub>) and 200 mg/kg (T<sub>6</sub>) butyl hydroxytoluene as well as one control group without any additive. At the end of the period, the levels of digestive and liver enzymes were measured, followed by the liver and intestine histological examinations. The results showed the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase in T<sub>1</sub> and alanine aminotransferase in T<sub>2</sub> (p<0.05). The highest levels of catalase were also observed in T<sub>3</sub>, glutathione peroxidase in T<sub>4</sub> and superoxide dismutase in T<sub>3</sub> (p<0.05). The liver and intestinal tissues fed with olive oil were normal. However, in the liver and intestinal tissues of fish fed with butyl hydroxytoluene, bleeding and hyperemia, biliary leakage, cell atrophy, degeneration, tissue necrosis and cell swelling were observed. According to the results, adding butyl hydroxytoluene as a synthetic antioxidant to the diet of young Persian sturgeon is not recommended and it is better to replace it with olive oil.This study was carried out to determine the effects of olive oil and dietary butyl hydroxytoluene on digestive and hepatic enzymes along with histology of liver and intestine in Persian sturgeon, <em>Acipenser persicus</em>. 315 pieces of young Persian sturgeon (108 ± 0.02 g in weight) were randomly stocked in 7 treatments with 3 replicates (15 fish in each replicate) after adaptation to the Caspian Sea water. The treatments were fed with 1% (T<sub>1</sub>), 3% (T<sub>2</sub>) and 5% (T<sub>3</sub>) olive oil and 100 (T<sub>4</sub>), 150 (T<sub>5</sub>) and 200 mg/kg (T<sub>6</sub>) butyl hydroxytoluene as well as one control group without any additive. At the end of the period, the levels of digestive and liver enzymes were measured, followed by the liver and intestine histological examinations. The results showed the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase in T<sub>1</sub> and alanine aminotransferase in T<sub>2</sub> (p<0.05). The highest levels of catalase were also observed in T<sub>3</sub>, glutathione peroxidase in T<sub>4</sub> and superoxide dismutase in T<sub>3</sub> (p<0.05). The liver and intestinal tissues fed with olive oil were normal. However, in the liver and intestinal tissues of fish fed with butyl hydroxytoluene, bleeding and hyperemia, biliary leakage, cell atrophy, degeneration, tissue necrosis and cell swelling were observed. According to the results, adding butyl hydroxytoluene as a synthetic antioxidant to the diet of young Persian sturgeon is not recommended and it is better to replace it with olive oil.https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4548_f9fec0c17e62f27931dd0571428c62d0.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Replacement of fish oil with canola vegetable oil-based diets on growth and survival rate of Caspian trout, Salmo caspius fryReplacement of fish oil with canola vegetable oil-based diets on growth and survival rate of Caspian trout, Salmo caspius fry4356456410.22124/janb.2021.17324.1099FAAbbasSajed KhanianDepartment of Marine Biology and Fisheries Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Mazandaran, IranMehrnoushNorouziDepartment of Marine Biology and Fisheries Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Mazandaran, IranMahmoudMohseniInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, Iran0000000207276590Journal Article20200808This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of canola oil on growth performance and survival rate of Caspian trout (<em>Salmo caspius</em>) fry during replacement with canola oil over a period of 60 days. 180 pieces of fish fry (4.6 ± 0.23 g in weight) with a density of 15 individuals were placed in 300-liter fiberglass tanks. Four treatments each with 3 replicates were fed with diets including 100% fish oil (T<sub>1</sub>), 100% canola oil (T<sub>2</sub>), 50% fish oil and 50% canola oil (T<sub>3</sub>), 70% fish oil and 30% canola oil (T<sub>4</sub>) with the same protein and fat levels of 43% and 14%, respectively. The results showed that the highest weight (26.46 g), final length (13.46 cm) and specific growth rate (2.97%/day) belonged to T<sub>3</sub> exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). Moreover, the lowest value of feed conversion ratio (1.41) and the highest amount of condition factor (1.17 ± 0.08) were also found in T<sub>3</sub>. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The highest protein efficiency coefficient of 2.37 was found in T<sub>4</sub>, exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). The survival rate among all treatments was 100% (with no mortality). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the partialy replacement of fish oil with canola oil (50% fish oil with 50% canola oil) in the diet of Caspian trout not only has no negative impact on growth indices and survival rate, but also can enhance these indices and decrease costs by reducing the length of the culture period.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of canola oil on growth performance and survival rate of Caspian trout (<em>Salmo caspius</em>) fry during replacement with canola oil over a period of 60 days. 180 pieces of fish fry (4.6 ± 0.23 g in weight) with a density of 15 individuals were placed in 300-liter fiberglass tanks. Four treatments each with 3 replicates were fed with diets including 100% fish oil (T<sub>1</sub>), 100% canola oil (T<sub>2</sub>), 50% fish oil and 50% canola oil (T<sub>3</sub>), 70% fish oil and 30% canola oil (T<sub>4</sub>) with the same protein and fat levels of 43% and 14%, respectively. The results showed that the highest weight (26.46 g), final length (13.46 cm) and specific growth rate (2.97%/day) belonged to T<sub>3</sub> exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). Moreover, the lowest value of feed conversion ratio (1.41) and the highest amount of condition factor (1.17 ± 0.08) were also found in T<sub>3</sub>. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The highest protein efficiency coefficient of 2.37 was found in T<sub>4</sub>, exhibiting a significant difference with other treatments (p≤0.05). The survival rate among all treatments was 100% (with no mortality). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the partialy replacement of fish oil with canola oil (50% fish oil with 50% canola oil) in the diet of Caspian trout not only has no negative impact on growth indices and survival rate, but also can enhance these indices and decrease costs by reducing the length of the culture period.https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4564_343b7e9d7a28f300618bb295863ff959.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Use of Duck weed (Lemna minor) meal in Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) diets and its effects on growth indices and carcass compositionUse of Duck weed (Lemna minor) meal in Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) diets and its effects on growth indices and carcass composition5570457310.22124/janb.2021.17662.1107FAGholamrezaRafieeDepartment of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranSomayehKarimiDepartment of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranSeyed ValiHosseiniDepartment of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, IranJournal Article20190915In this study, in a completely randomized experimental design, the effects of different levels of duck weed (<em>Lemna minor</em> L.) meal in <em>Caspian kutum</em> diet on growth indices, carcass composition were investigated in an 8- week period. Different replacement levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% were consisted the treatments in triplicates. Fingerlings with the mean initial weight of 2.02 ± 0.08 g were distributed in the experimental tanks. The results indicated that addition of duck weed powder in kutum diet more than 5% up to 15 caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in final body weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, conversely condition factor (CF) had not significant differences (p>0.05). It was concluded that with increasing the duck weed levels in diet, lipid, protein and ash contents did not show any significant differences in fish carcasses compared to control (p>0.05), however moisture increased with increasing the rates of duck weed in the diet. Getting the same results of growth indices in treatment containing 5% duckweed and control (p>0.05), confirmed that duck weed can be used at the level of 5% in the kutum diet.In this study, in a completely randomized experimental design, the effects of different levels of duck weed (<em>Lemna minor</em> L.) meal in <em>Caspian kutum</em> diet on growth indices, carcass composition were investigated in an 8- week period. Different replacement levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% were consisted the treatments in triplicates. Fingerlings with the mean initial weight of 2.02 ± 0.08 g were distributed in the experimental tanks. The results indicated that addition of duck weed powder in kutum diet more than 5% up to 15 caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in final body weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, conversely condition factor (CF) had not significant differences (p>0.05). It was concluded that with increasing the duck weed levels in diet, lipid, protein and ash contents did not show any significant differences in fish carcasses compared to control (p>0.05), however moisture increased with increasing the rates of duck weed in the diet. Getting the same results of growth indices in treatment containing 5% duckweed and control (p>0.05), confirmed that duck weed can be used at the level of 5% in the kutum diet.https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4573_301a7e945af2b277352c0f9389f5b98c.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Animals Nutrition2980-84996120200320Effects of dietary specific probiotics on some growth and immunity indices, hepatic enzymes and intestinal bacterial flora of reared Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus fingerlingsEffects of dietary specific probiotics on some growth and immunity indices, hepatic enzymes and intestinal bacterial flora of reared Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus fingerlings7185458410.22124/janb.2021.18074.1113FARezvanollahKazemiInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, IranMahtabYarmohammadiInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, IranAlirezaShenavar MasoulehInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, IranAliHallajianInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, IranBabakTizkarAquaculture Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Guilan, IranHooshangYeganeAquaculture Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Guilan, IranJalilJalilpoorAquaculture Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Guilan, IranMehdiAlizadehAquaculture Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Guilan, IranJournal Article20191003This study was carried out to increase production efficiency of Persian sturgeon <em>Acipenser persicus</em> fingerlings. In this experiment, 600 pieces of Persian sturgeonfingerlings (10.76 ± 0.74 g in weight and 14.49 ± 0.7 cm in total length) in four treatments were introduced into twelve fiberglass tanks with 300-L water capacity for 60 days. The treatments were fed with diets containing 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg of four bacterial strains including <em>Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria </em>and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> powder per kg pelleted diets to make certain concentrations including 0 (T<sub>1</sub>), 1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> (T<sub>2</sub>), 3 × 10<sup>9</sup> (T<sub>3</sub>) and 4.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g (T<sub>4</sub>). The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth indices in different treatments (p>0.05). However, the maximum and minimum mean final weights were observed in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of liver enzymatic indices, LDH, IgM, lysozyme activity and the number of colonial intestine bacterial flora were observed in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>, respectively, significantly different from the other treatments (p<0.05). The maximum and minimum number of intestinal lactic acid (probiotic) bacteria were also found in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>, respectively, significantly different from the others (p<0.05). In spite of the fact that a probiotic-supplemented diet could not exhibit a significant effect on growth indices of the Persian sturgeon fingerlings at the weight range of 10-60 g, however, those containing 1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g (T<sub>2</sub>), significantly enhanced the immunity, enzymatic and bacterial flora of the intestine.This study was carried out to increase production efficiency of Persian sturgeon <em>Acipenser persicus</em> fingerlings. In this experiment, 600 pieces of Persian sturgeonfingerlings (10.76 ± 0.74 g in weight and 14.49 ± 0.7 cm in total length) in four treatments were introduced into twelve fiberglass tanks with 300-L water capacity for 60 days. The treatments were fed with diets containing 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg of four bacterial strains including <em>Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria </em>and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> powder per kg pelleted diets to make certain concentrations including 0 (T<sub>1</sub>), 1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> (T<sub>2</sub>), 3 × 10<sup>9</sup> (T<sub>3</sub>) and 4.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g (T<sub>4</sub>). The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth indices in different treatments (p>0.05). However, the maximum and minimum mean final weights were observed in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of liver enzymatic indices, LDH, IgM, lysozyme activity and the number of colonial intestine bacterial flora were observed in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>, respectively, significantly different from the other treatments (p<0.05). The maximum and minimum number of intestinal lactic acid (probiotic) bacteria were also found in T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>, respectively, significantly different from the others (p<0.05). In spite of the fact that a probiotic-supplemented diet could not exhibit a significant effect on growth indices of the Persian sturgeon fingerlings at the weight range of 10-60 g, however, those containing 1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g (T<sub>2</sub>), significantly enhanced the immunity, enzymatic and bacterial flora of the intestine.https://janb.guilan.ac.ir/article_4584_96c4adf0a4c06cd3645d877b805cec13.pdf