تأثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف کنجاله سویا و کانولا در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد وترکیب شیمیایی لاشه بچه ماهیان کپور علفخوار (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای داخلی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر انزلی، گیلان

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

کپور علفخوار (Ctenopharyngodon  idella) یکی از مهمترین ماهیان پرورشی در دنیا محسوب می‌شود. از عوامل مهم توسعه آبزی‌پروری ارائه جیره ‌غذایی مناسب است که نیازمندی­های غذایی ماهی را تأمین کند و باید تا حد ‌امکان ارزان باشد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله سویا و کانولا بر فراسنجه‌های رشد و ترکیب لاشه بچه ماهیان کپور ‌علفخوار (12/1 ± 56/7 گرم) به مدت 60 روز بررسی شد. آزمایش­ها در مخازن فایبر‌گلاس 100 لیتری حاوی 7 عدد ماهی انگشت­قد در 3 تکرار انجام و در مجموع 9 مخزن آزمایشی در سه تیمار شامل تیمار 1: جیره حاوی 5/24% کنجاله سویا و 5/24% کنجاله کانولا؛ تیمار 2: جیره حاوی 29% کنجاله کانولا و 21% کنجاله سویا؛ و تیمار 3: جیره حاوی 28% کنجاله سویا و 20% کانولا به‌صورت کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم­بندی شدند. با توجه به نتایج، بین تیمارها از نظر میانگین ضریب تبدیل غذایی (FCR)، نرخ رشد ویژه (SGR)، و درصد افزایش وزن (WG) اختلاف معنی­دار مشاهده شد (05/0P<). کمینه WG در تیمار 2 (با میانگین ‌179/13 ± 39/58 گرم) و بیشینه آن در تیمار 3 (با میانگین 4/2 ± 91/89 گرم) مشاهده شد. همچنین، کمینه SGR در تیمار 2 ( 15/0 ± 7/0‌) و بیشینه آن در تیمار 3 ( 02/0 ± 06/1) دیده شد. کمینه میانگین FCR مربوط به تیمار 3 با میانگین 054/0 ± 09/2 و بیشینه آن مربوط به تیمار 2 با میانگین 09/1 ± 69/3 بود. هیچ اختلاف معنی­داری از نظر ترکیب بیوشیمیایی لاشه بچه‌ماهیان (پروتئین، چربی، خاکستر و رطوبت) در بین تیمار‌های مختلف مشاهده نشد (05/0<P). با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده به نظر می‌رسد جیره‌ حاوی 28% کنجاله سویا و 20% کانولا، مناسب­ترین سطح کانولا و سویا در جیره بچه ماهیان کپور علفخوار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different levels of soybean and canola meal on the growth and carcass composition of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Afshin Amirisendesi 1
  • Mohammad Borani 1
  • Erfan Akbari Nargesi 1
  • Mansour Sharifian 2
  • Mahmoud Hafezieh 2
  • Seyed Fakhraddin Mirhasheminasab 1
1 Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Guilan, Iran
2 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is considered one of the most commercially important farmed fish in the world. One of the important factors in the development of aquaculture is to provide a suitable ration that can meet the nutritional requirements of this fish, and on the other hand, the ration should be as cheap as possible so ultimately to achieve cheaper food by optimizing the food ration. In this research, the effect of different levels of soybean meal and canola on growth parameters and carcass composition of grass carp fingerlings with an average initial weight of 7.56 ± 1.12 g (mean ± SD) were investigated for 60 days.
Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted in 100-L fiberglass tanks containing 7 grass carp fingerlings in 3 repetitions, with a total of 9 experimental tanks. The three treatments included Treatment 1 (T1) with a diet containing 24.5% soybean meal and 24.5% canola meal, Treatment 2 (T2) with 29% canola meal and 21% soybean meal, and Treatment 3 (T3) with 28% soybean meal and 20% canola meal. The tanks were divided completely randomly.
Results and discussion: According to Duncan test, differences were observed between the treatments in terms of mean food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate, and weight gain (P<0.05). The results showed that the maximum and minimum amounts of weight gain were occurred in T3 (89.91 ± 2.4 g) and T2 (58.39 ± 13.17 g), respectively. The minimum of special growth rate (0.70 ± 0.15 %/day) was observed in T2, while the maximum (1.06 ± 0.02 %/day) in T3. The minimum average of FCR (2.09 ± 0.05) was found in T3 while the maximum (3.69 ± 1.09) in T2. The results obtained from the Kruskal-Wallis test did not exhibit any significant difference among different treatments in terms of the biochemical composition of the fingerling carcasses, including protein, fat, ash, and moisture contents (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that 28% soybean meal and 20% canola are the most suitable levels in the diet of grass carp fingerlings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fingerlings Ctenopharyngodon idella
  • Canola meal
  • soybean meal
  • diet
  • Growth

مراجع

Ahmadian, F., Jafari Khorshidi, K. 2009. Guide to Using Meals in Feeding Livestock, Poultry, and Aquatic Animals. Naqsh Gostaran Bahar Publications, 118 p. (In Persian).
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 7th ECL. Washington, 150-453.                                   
AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Vol. 1. Agricultural Chemicals Contaminants, drugs, 16th edition. AOAC International, Arlington, 1298 p.                                  
Borquez, A., E. Serrano, P. Dantagnan, J. Carrasco., A. Hernandez. 2011. Feeding high effects on growth, nutrient digestibility, liver and intestine histology and muscle fatty acid composition. Aquaculture Research 42: 1067-1078. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02690.x.
Cao, J., Lin, D., Xue, H., Liu, Y., Guang, G., Tian, L., Mao, Y. 1999. Substitutional effects of four lipotropic agents on lipid accumulation in grass carp liver. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 23: 102-111. (In Chinese .(
Chen, K., Zhu, J., Li, J. 1996. Preliminary study on feeding attraction effect of extracts of some animals and plants for young grass carp. Journal of Sichuan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 10: 39-44. (in Chinese).
Chen, W., Zhang, Y. 2005. Application of photosynthetic bacteria in grass carp fingerling culture ponds. Fisheries Sciences 24: 39-40. (In Chinese).
Cremer, M.C., Enhua, Z., Jian, Z. 2004. Pond Production of >2.5-kg Grass Carp with a Soy-Maximized Feed. American Soybean Association, 6 p.
Cun Zhou, Q., Rong Yue, Y. 2010. Effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on growth, feed utilization and haematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Research 41: 982-990. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02381.x.
Dabrowski, K., Kozlowska, H. 1981. Rapeseed meal in the Diet of Common Carp Reared in Heated waters. I. Growth of fish and utilization of the diet. In: Quaculturein Heated Effluents and Recirculation Systems. Tiews, K. (Ed.). Heenemann, Hamburg, Germany, 263-274.                                             
Davies, S.J., MCconnell, S., Bateson, R.I. 1990. Potential of rapeseed meal an alternative protein source in complete diet for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus peters).  Aquaculture 87: 145-154. DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90271-N.
Du Sert, N.P., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M., Browne, W.J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I.C., Dirnagl, U., Emerson, M. Garner, P. 2020. Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biology 18: p.e3000411.  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411
Floch, J., less, M., Stanlely, H.S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226: 497-509. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2024. Grass carp nutritional requirements. [online]. Available at: https://www.fao.org/fishery/affris/profil-des-especes/grass-carp/nutritional-requirements/fr/
Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2001. Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture 199: 197-227. DOI: 0.1016/S0044-8486(01)00526-9.
Gan, L., Li, X. Pan, X., Wu, Q., Feng, S.L., T., Ye, H. 2017. Effects of replacing soybean meal with faba bean meal on growth, feed utilization and antioxidant status of juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Aquaculture Nutrition 23: 192-200.  DOI: 10.1111/anu.12380.                      
Gatlin, D.M., Barrows, F.T., Brown, P., Dabrowski, K., Gaylord, T.G., Hardy, R.W., Wurtele, E. 2007. Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquaculture Research 38: 551-579. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01704.x.
Hardy, R.W. 2008. Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets; effect of global demand and supplies of grain and oilseeds. Proceeding of the Aquaculture Europe 15-18 September 2008, Krakow, Poland, 5-8.   
Hardy, R.W., Sullivan, C.V. 1983. Canola meal in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Production diets. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40: 281-286. DOI: 10.1139/f83-042.
Higgs, D.A., McBride, J.R., Markert, J.R., Dosanjh, B.S., Plotnikoff, M.D., Clarke, W.C. 1982. Evaluation of Tower and Candle rapeseed (canola) meal and Bronowski rapeseed protein concentrate as protein supplements in practical dry diets for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture 29: 1-31.‏ DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(82)90030-8
Hilton, J.W., Slinger, S.J. 1986. Digestibility and utilization of canola meal in practical-type diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43: 1149-1155. DOI: 10.1139/f86-143.
Jackson, A.J., Capper B.S., Matty, A.J. 1982. Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. Aquaculture 27: 97-109. DOI:  10.1016/0044-8486(82)90129-6.
Kaushik, S.J. 1990. Use of alternative protein sources for the intensive rearing of carnivorous fishes. In: Mediterranean Aquaculture. Flos, R., Tort, L., Torres, P. (Eds.), Ellis Horwood, UK., 125-138.
Keramat Amirkolaie, A., Lashkar Boloky, M., Mirzaee Abdoli, S. 2010. Effects of pellet and grass diets on growth and morphology of gastro-intestinal tract in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Journal of Fisheries, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 63: 209-217. (In Persian).
Lim C., L.C., Klesius, P.H. 1997. Responses of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed iron-deficient and replete diets to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Aquaculture 157: 83-93. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00143-9.
Lovell, T. 1988. Nutrition and feeding of fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Springer, New York, 260 p.
Ma, L., Huang, F., Wu, J., Yong, W., Cao, J. 2005. Effects of different rapeseed meal levels on growth, serum biochemical indices and toxins residues in Ctenopharyngodon idellus.  Journal of Fisheries of China 29: 798-803. (in Chinese).
Mailer, R.J. 2004. Canola Meal; Limitations and Opportunities. Australian Oil Seed Federation. New South Wales, Australia. 30 p.
Mwachireya, S.A., Beames, R.M., Higgs, D.A., Dosanj, H.B. 1999.  Digestibility of canola protein products derived from the physical, enzymatic and chemical processing of commercial canola meal in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) held in fresh water. Aquaculture Nutrition 5: 73-82. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1999.00089.x
Omnes, M.H., Silva, F.C.P., Moriceau, J., Aguirre, P., Kaushik, S., Gatesoupe. F.J. 2015. Influence of lupin and rapeseed meals on the integrity of digestive tract and organs in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition 21: 223-233. DOI: 10.1111/anu.12162.
Robinson, E.H., Li, M.H. 1994. Use of plant proteins in catfish feeds: replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 25: 271-276. DOI: 0.1111/j.1749-7345.1994.tb00190.x.
Safari, O. 2008. Study of effect of partial substitution of canola meal and soybean meal with fish meal in the diet of rainbow trout. Animal and Fisheries Sciences 79: 45-51. (In Persian).
Safari, O., Boldajii, F. 2008. Study of effect of partial substitution of canola meal and soybean meal with fishmeal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 79: 45-51. (In Persian)
Shafaeipour, A., Yavari, V., Falahatkar, B., Maremmazi, J.G.H., Gorjipour, E. 2008. Effect of canola meal on physiological and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition 14: 110-119.  DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00509.x.
Tan, Q., Liu, Q., Chen, X., Wang, M., Wu, Z. 2013. Growth performance, biochemical indices and hepatopancreatic function performance, biochemical indices and hepatopancreatic function of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, would be impaired by dietary rapeseed meal. Aquaculture 414: 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.036
Thiessen, D.L., Maenz, D.D., Newkirk, R.W., Classen, H.L., Drew, M.D. 2004. Replacement of fishmeal by canola protein concentrate in diets fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition 10: 379-383. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00313.x.
Toutou, M.M., Soliman, A.A., Elokby, M. A., Abdel-Rahim, M.M. 2018. Impacts of using fresh aquatic plants as a total substitute for formulated feed on performance, health and economic efficiency of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) fingerlings. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation 11: 1892-1907.‏
Webester, C.D., Tiu, L.G., Tidwell, J.H., Grizzle, J.M. 1997. Growth and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed diets containing various percentages of canola meal. Aquaculture 150: 103-112. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01471-8
Yurkowski, M., Bailey, J.K., Evans, R.E., Tabachek, J.A.L., Ayles, G.B., Eales, J. G. 1978. Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 35: 951-962. DOI: 10.1139/f78-156
Zhao, S., Zhu, M., Ding, W., Zhao, S., Gu, J. 2020. Feed requirement determination of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) using a hybrid method of bioenergetics factorial model and fuzzy logic control technology under outdoor pond culturing systems. Aquaculture 521: 734970. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734970.
Zheng, Q., Wen, X., Han, C., Li, H., Xie, X. 2012. Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzymes activity and expression for juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38: 1059-1069. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9590-0.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار