تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین روی، سرب، کادمیوم و جیوه در بافت عضله ماهی کپور وحشی (Cyprinus carpio) در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بهداشت آبزیان، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، البرز

2 موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، تهران

10.22124/janb.2026.33853.1309

چکیده

گسترش آلاینده‌های مختلف از جمله فلزات سنگین موجب شده بسیاری از اکوسیستم‌های دریایی، آب شیرین و موجودات ساکن آن‌ها تحت تأثیرات منفی قرار گیرند. فلزات سنگین جزو آلاینده‌های غیرقابل تجزیه به حساب می‌آیند و سنجش آن‌ها در آب، رسوب و ماهیان، معیاری برای سنجش آلودگی محیط و میزان تأثیر آن بر جوامع انسانی است. انتقال فلزات سنگین توسط زنجیره غذایی، عاملی تهدیدکننده برای جامعه بشری تلقی می‌شود. نظر به اینکه بافت عضله ماهی نقش مهمی در تغذیه انسان دارد، اطمینان از سلامت آن حائز اهمیت است. در این تحقیق 24 عدد ماهی کپور معمولی وحشی (Cyprinus carpio) با میانگین وزنی 161 ± 1450 گرم در فروردین ماه سال 1401 به طور تصادفی از بازارهای عرضه ماهی شهرهای آستارا، هشتپر، انزلی، رشت، کلاچای و کیاشهر در استان گیلان جمع آوری شد و از نظر میزان چهار فلز سنگین سرب، روی، کادمیوم و جیوه بررسی شدند. 100 گرم عضله پشتی بعد از زیست­سنجی، کدگذاری و تا زمان هضم در دمای 20-  درجه سانتی­گراد نگهداری شدند. سنجش فلزات سنگین با دستگاه جذب اتمی انجام شد. بین تجمع فلزات سنگین در جنس نر و ماده و نیز بین میزان فلزات سـنگین و صفات زیستی اندازه‌گیری شده بدن در نمونه‌­های آزمایشی اختلاف معنی‌دار دیده نشد. مقادیر فلزات سنگین روی  (24/14 ± 73/24)، کادمیوم (0002/0 ± 003/0)، سرب (001/0 ± 0252/0) و جیوه (0659/0 ± 0842/0) برحسب میکروگرم در گرم وزن خشک و پایین‌تر از حد مجاز استانداردهای بین المللی (FAO/WHO) و استاندارد ملی (سازمان دامپزشکی کشور) بود. آلودگی رسوبات می‌تواند باعث آلودگی موجودات کفزی کوچک و به دنبال آن انتقال آلودگی به ماهیان کفزی و بنتوزخوار شود. بنابراین، کمتر بودن میزان آلودگی به فلزات سنگین روی، کادمیوم، سرب و جیوه در تحقیق حاضر می‌تواند نشان­دهنده پایین بودن آلودگی در رسوبات و کفزیان کوچک در منطقه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg concentrations in muscle of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Guilan Province, North Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Taheri 1
  • Babak Shoaibi Omrani 1
  • Soheil Alinezhad, 2
1 Department of Aquatic Animal, Veterinary Medicine College, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Industrial expansion and increased activity in coastal areas, coupled with the discharge of wastewater and pollutants, have caused marine pollution, particularly in enclosed environments like the Caspian Sea, where pollutants accumulate due to evaporation. Heavy metals, stable and non-biodegradable, pose significant health risks to humans and aquatic life by contaminating marine environments and fish, a key part of the human food chain. Factors such as fish age, size, sex, feeding habits, ecological needs, heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment, duration of fish residence, fishing season, and water chemistry (salinity, hardness, temperature) all influence heavy metal accumulation in fish organs. Heavy metals and other pollutants accumulate in aquatic organisms and can transfer to humans, posing health risks. The toxicity depends on the metal type and concentration; lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium are particularly hazardous due to low tolerance limits. This study focused on wild common carp in Guilan Province (Iran), a valuable species that feeds on bottom sediments. Carp's feeding habits make them prone to higher heavy metal accumulation compared to surface-dwelling fish, highlighting the importance of studying contamination in wild-caught fish, considering diet, habitat, and species variations.
Materials and methods: A total of 24 wild common carp weighing 1450 ± 161 g were randomly collected in April 2022 from fish markets in the cities of Astara, Hashtpar, Anzali, Rasht, Kelachay, and Kiashahr in Guilan Province. In the laboratory, after biometric measurements and recording of total and standard lengths as well as weight, a 100-gram portion of pectoral fin muscle from each specimen was separated, coded, and stored at −20 °C until digestion. Heavy metals were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests assessed data normality. One-Way ANOVA (SAS v9.4) compared quantitative variable means across independent groups. T-tests identified differences between independent group means. Duncan's multiple range test (95% confidence) performed group mean comparisons. Partial correlation analyzed relationships between quantitative traits and heavy metal accumulation.
Results: The findings of this study showed no significant differences in heavy metal accumulation between male and female fish, nor between heavy metal concentrations and the measured biometric characteristics of the specimens (P > 0.05). The mean concentrations of zinc (24.73 ± 14.24 µg/g dry weight), cadmium (0.003 ± 0.00020 µg/g), lead (0.0252 ± 0.001 µg/g) and mercury (0.0842 ± 0.0659 µg/g) were found to be well within the permissible limits of international standards (FAO/WHO) and the Iranian national standard (Iran Veterinary Organization).
Discussion: Fish feeding habits significantly impact contaminant accumulation, with variations observed even among those in similar aquatic environments. For bottom-feeding common carp, sediment is a key source of heavy metal accumulation. This study found that common carp in the examined regions are safe, with zinc, lead, cadmium, and mercury levels below international standards. Sediment contamination can transfer to these organisms and then to the fish. The low contamination levels in this study suggest that sediments and small benthic organisms in the region also have relatively low levels of zinc, cadmium, lead, and mercury.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pollution
  • Caspian Sea
  • Heavy metals
  • Wild common carp
  • Muscle

مراجع

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