ارزیابی پاسخ‌های رشد، ایمنی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی فیل‌ماهی (Huso huso) جوان تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف نانوذرات سلنیوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش، ایران

2 انستیتو تحقیقات بین المللی ماهیان خاویاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، گیلان

10.22124/janb.2026.34551.1315

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف نانوسلنیوم اضافه شده به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی غیر اختصاصی و شاخص‌های کبدی فیل‌ماهی جوان (Huso huso) انجام شد. بدین‌منظور، تعداد ۱۲۰ عدد فیل‌ماهی جوان با وزن اولیه 97/1 ± 34/50  گرم در ۱۲ مخزن فایبرگلاس ۵۰۰ لیتری (10 عدد ماهی در هر مخزن) توزیع شدند. تیمارها (سه تکرار) شامل شاهد (فاقد نانوذرات سلنیوم، NS0)، mg/kg 1/0 (NS0.1)، mg/kg 2/0 (NS0.2) و mg/kg 4/0 (NS0.4) نانوسلنیوم بودند و ماهیان طی دوره ۱۰ هفته‌ای تا حد سیری روزانه سه مرتبه با آنها تغذیه شدند. در طول دوره، میانگین دما و اکسیژن به‌ترتیب معادل ℃ 3/17 وmg/L  2/8 بودند. در پایان دوره، شاخص‌های رشد، تغذیه، ایمنی (فعالیت لایزوزیم، ایمونوگلوبولین M، فعالیت مسیر جایگزین کمپلمان (ACH50)) و  آنزیم‌های پلاسمایی کبد بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن نانوسلنیوم در سطح mg/kg 2/0، موجب بهبود معنی‌دار وزن نهایی، نرخ رشد ویژه و کاهش ضریب تبدیل غذایی نسبت به گروه شاهد شد؛ به‌طوری‌که وزن نهایی در این تیمار حدود ۲۸ درصد بیش از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). فعالیت لایزوزیم ایمونوگلوبولین M و ACH50 پلاسما در تیمارهای mg/kg 2/0 و mg/kg 4/0 به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (05/0>P). همچنین، فعالیت تمامی آنزیم‌های کبدی در تیمارهای دریافت‌کننده نانوسلنیوم کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0>P). در مجموع، افزودن mg/kg 2/0 نانوسلنیوم در جیره به‌دلیل بهبود عملکرد رشد، افزایش کارایی مصرف خوراک، تقویت دستگاه ایمنی غیر اختصاصی و ارتقای شاخص‌های سلامت کبدی به‌عنوان دوز مطلوب و کاربردی در جیره غذایی این گونه پیشنهاد می‌شود و می‌تواند کارایی تولید را در مزارع پرورشی بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of growth performance, immune responses, and hepatic enzyme activities in juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) fed different levels of selenium nanoparticles

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Javad Abolghasemi 1
  • Mahmoud Mohseni 2
  • Shayan Pourseyedian 1
1 Department of Fisheries, Tal.C., Islamic Azad University, Talesh, Guilan, Iran
2 International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Selenium is an essential trace element in aquaculture nutrition, playing a pivotal role in antioxidant defense, physiological homeostasis, growth, and immune competence through its integration into selenoproteins and selenoenzymes. Nanoscale selenium (nano-Se, NS) has garnered significant attention as an efficacious feed additive in aquafeeds due to its superior bioavailability, lower toxicity, and enhanced biological activity relative to conventional selenium sources. While numerous studies have documented the effects of nano-Se in various teleost species, empirical data regarding its application in beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), a highly valuable species native to the Caspian Sea, remain scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of dietary nano-Se supplementation at various levels on the growth performance, non-specific immune responses, and hepatic health indicators of juvenile Huso huso.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 juvenile Huso huso (initial weight: 50.34±1.97 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks (500 L capacity, 50 cm water depth). The fish were acclimated to the experimental conditions for 7 days using a commercial diet. The feeding trial followed a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments (a control diet (NS0) and diets supplemented with 0.1 (NS0.1), 0.2 (NS0.2), and 0.4 (NS0.4) mg/kg) in triplicate over a 10-week period. Fish were fed to apparent satiation thrice daily (at 08:00, 15:00, and 21:00 h). At the end of the trial, fish were fasted for 48 hours prior to sampling. All fish from each tank were weighed and measured for length. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein using heparinized syringes after anesthesia, and plasma was separated bycentrifugation and used to determine lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, alternative complement pathway (ACH50) activity, and hepatic enzyme profiles. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at a significance level of P<0.05 using SPSS software.
Results and Discussion: Dietary nano-Se supplementation, particularly at 0.2 mg/kg, significantly increased final weight and specific growth rate, while concurrently reducing the feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05). This growth enhancement is may be attributed to the regulatory role of selenium in metabolism, its reinforcement of antioxidant defenses, and the upregulation of growth-related gene expression. Regarding immune responses, plasma lysozyme, IgM, and ACH50 activities were significantly elevated in the 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg nano-Se treatments (P<0.05), indicating a strengthened non-specific humoral barrier in Huso huso. Furthermore, the activities of all measured hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were significantly reduced in fish fed nano-Se supplemented diets (P<0.05). This decline suggests improved hepatocyte integrity and cell membrane stability, driven by mitigated oxidative stress.
Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nano-Se at 0.2 mg/kg significantly enhances growth performance, improves feed utilization efficiency, boosts non-specific immunity, and promotes hepatic health in juvenile H. huso. Consequently, this level is suggested as an optimal dietary inclusion dose to support overall growth and physiological well-being during juvenile sturgeon rearing.
Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for the publication of the present work.
Acknowledgments: We sincerely thank the respected experts and personnel of the Beluga Farm for their assistance in the preparation, maintenance of the fish, and the advancement of this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Feed additives
  • Fish immunity
  • Growth performance
  • Huso huso
  • Nano-selenium

مراجع

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